The mark on their right hand or on their foreheads, Revelation 13:16-17

By Bob W. Lovelace

   A respondent has stated that a lot of people are going around preaching 666 on everything. I must say that it does seem that way. I once read about a woman who had these numbers on her license plate. She was greatly distressed over being harassed by those who simply do not understand the scope of the book of Revelation and immediate context of chapter 13. Our respondent states, “They are looking for the mark even on the forehead of others,” and he asked that I write in some detail on this as well as on the “antichrists.” For our study on the antichrists please go to the Article Directory of our web site: http://www.cybertrails.com/churchofchrist or click A Study Of The Antichrists .

 

The Great Enemies of the Church

 

   The benefit of identifying the great enemies of the church of Christ, as presented by John in the Revelation, is seen in that it puts the “mark” where it belongs and in its proper time frame. Primarily there are three enemies in the Revelation. We shall point them out as they appear in proper succession as Satan seeks to destroy Christ’s church.

 

The Devil

   First, there is the Devil. ( After reading this article, should you desire to learn more about the Devil you will find some very important things men should learn about Satan at our article titled,  Reply to a response on "Questions on Witchcraft" . Here, though, in Revelation Satan is introduced as a great, fiery red dragon (Revelation 12:2) who because of his great fury against Christ is cast out of heaven with his angels. Rev. 12:9 tells us after a war in heaven with Michael and his angels, “... the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out into the earth, and his angels were cast out with him.” In Rev. 12:17 there is a reference to christians in the first century as "those who keep the commandments of God and have the testimony of Jesus Christ." Satan goes to make war with them! Some of these Christians withstood Satan even to the point of death. These were martyrs who were faithful unto death (see Rev. 2:10). This means that they gave their lives for the gospel’s sake. Rev. 12:12 says, “Therefore rejoice, ye heavens, and ye that dwell in them. Woe to the inhabiters of the earth and of the sea! for the devil is come down unto you, having great wrath, because he knoweth that he hath but a short time.”

   One important thing that most miss at the very beginning of the Revelation is John's statement as to when the things he writes of will come to pass. Notice that he is showing Christians "things which must shortly come to pass." (Rev. 1:1) And in verse three he says, "the time is at hand." Revelation 1:3 says, "Blessed is he that readeth, and they that hear the words of this prophecy, and keep those things which are written therein: for the time is at hand." It has always amazed me as to how so many can discuss this whole book without ever referring to this fundamental guideline. Also, at the end of the book of Revelation we find the same important point. God had shown things which must shortly take place! Rev. 22:6 says, "And he said to me, 'These words are faithful and true'; and the Lord, the God of the spirits of the prophets, sent His angel to show to His bond-servants the things which must shortly take place."

   With regard to Christians who had given their lives for the gospel of Christ, one might refer back to Revelation 6:11-12. Here the souls of the christians who had become martyrs are seen in Heaven under the altar that is before the throne of God (7:15; 8:3). They ask God how long until He will avenge their blood. The answer they receive is that they are to “rest for a little while longer, until the number of their fellow servants and their brethren who were to be killed even as they had been, should be completed also.” (Rev. 6:9-11) One of the major mistakes that Premillennialists (those who expect Jesus to come again and succeed where they say He failed the first time, and that is in setting up His kingdom on earth) make with this book is that they fail to see that these "souls" in Rev. 20:4 are in Heaven not on earth! These "souls" reign with Christ in Heaven for that period referred to as one thousand years. Undoubtedly a major portion of the context of this great book is set in the persecution of the early christians, beginning with those to whom John wrote in the first century. And who is persecuting them? Satan! Satan is introduced as the great dragon that was cast out of heaven and to the earth along with his angels. His intent is to destroy the church. In Revelation 12:17 Satan in his great fury “makes war” with those “who keep the commandments of God and have the testimony of Jesus Christ.” These are Christians!

Two Other Powerful Enemies: the Beast of the Sea; the Beast of the Earth

   We find that Satan has help. He is not the only enemy defined in this onslaught to destroy souls and Christ’s church upon earth. In Revelation chapter 13 there are two powerful allies who join with the Devil, the great dragon. The first is the “beast rising up out of the sea” (Rev. 13:1). The other is another beast depicted as “coming up out of the earth” (Rev. 13:11).

The beast of the sea

   The beast of sea in chapter 13 represents emperors of Rome. Notice the Dragon, Satan, gives this beast “his power, throne, and great authority” (Rev. 13:2). In the book of Revelation Satan tries to destroy the church of Christ through (by using) the Roman emperors. We are told all the world followed the beast, “And I saw one of his heads as it were wounded to death; and his deadly wound was healed: and all the world wondered after the beast” (Rev. 13:3).  John says the world worshipped the dragon, Satan, and the beast of the sea, the emperor. (Rev. 13:3-4). They worshipped emperors rather than God! And Rome persecuted the church of Christ. 

The beast of the earth

   The false prophet is depicted as the beast of the earth in Revelation 13:11. (He is identified as such in Rev. 19:20) His work with the other two enemies, Satan and the emperors, is spelled out. He possesses great power and causes the earth to worship the former beast, i.e. the beast of the sea (the emperor). Rev. 13:11-15, "And I beheld another beast coming up out of the earth; and he had two horns like a lamb, and he spake as a dragon. [12] And he exerciseth all the power of the first beast before him, and causeth the earth and them which dwell therein to worship the first beast, whose deadly wound was healed. [13] And he doeth great wonders, so that he maketh fire come down from heaven on the earth in the sight of men, [14] And deceiveth them that dwell on the earth by the means of those miracles which he had power to do in the sight of the beast; saying to them that dwell on the earth, that they should make an image to the beast, which had the wound by a sword, and did live. [15] And he had power to give life unto the image of the beast, that the image of the beast should both speak, and cause that as many as would not worship the image of the beast should be killed." The beast of the earth we are told in Rev. 19:20 is "the false prophet." Rev. 19:20 says, "And the beast was taken, and with him the false prophet that wrought miracles before him, with which he deceived them that had received the mark of the beast, and them that worshipped his image. These both were cast alive into a lake of fire burning with brimstone." Thus the book continues until, as we will see, these enemies are overthrown and cast into a lake of fire. The beast of the earth, i.e.  the false prophet” (Rev. 19:20), deceives those of the Empire with the intent that they must worship the image of the beast of the sea. This is emperor worship! Those who refuse are to be killed.

The Conflict comes to a close and Jesus is Triumphant!

   These “three” which I have just described form an alliance as Satan works to destroy Christ's church. The great battle that has been building up between these forces of evil and those of God comes to a head in Revelation chapter19. The battle is depicted in Rev. 16:16 as coming together at a place called Armageddon. “And he gathered them together into a place called in the Hebrew tongue Armageddon" (Rev. 16:16). People are fascinated with the word HarMagedon: the word Har (meaning "mountain") is the first part of the word "Armageddon" or "HarMagedon." The second part, Magedon, is from Megiddo a place of Manasseh. In 2 Kings 23:29-30 King Johsiah was killed by Pharaoh Neco king of Egypt at Megiddo. It is stated that they fought in the valley of Megiddo (2 Ch. 35:22). The great battle between these forces, as told in Rev. 19:19-21, has been building since Rev. 13:7 where it was granted to the beast of the sea “to make war with the saints and to overcome them. And authority was give to him over every tribe, tongue, and nation.”  To see the end of the battle in the book we must go to Rev. 19 where Christ is triumphant over all kings who align with Rome. Here, in Rev. 19, the two armies clash. Satan loses and Jesus wins! I have quickly summarized what takes place in this warfare between Christ and His church, and Satan and his allies, i.e. Rome and the false prophet who causes the nations to worship the image of the beast. 

   Dear reader, the Roman Empire fell centuries ago. The kingdom of Christ is a kingdom that will never be destroyed. The kingdom of Christ was established during the days of these Roman kings (see Dn. 2:44; Heb. 12:28).  Coming back to the false prophet (Rev. 13:11; 19:20) and what he does to support Satan and emperor worship we read again in Rev. 13:16-18, “And he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their foreheads: [17] And that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name. [18] Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is Six hundred threescore and six.”

   By this particular number being used those to whom John wrote would recognize the “man” John has in mind. Yes, they  would recognize him! That doesn't mean necessarily that you and I today can look back and say for sure which one or ones John had in mind. When you compare “Here is wisdom” (13:18) with “Here is the mind which has wisdom:” (17:9) you learn more about this. Revelation chapter 17 depicts the great harlot who is "drunk with the blood of the saints and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus (Rev. 17:1-6). The woman was setting on a scarlet beast having seven heads and ten horns. Revelation 17:8-14 says, “The beast that thou sawest was, and is not; and shall ascend out of the bottomless pit, and go into perdition: and they that dwell on the earth shall wonder, whose names were not written in the book of life from the foundation of the world, when they behold the beast that was, and is not, and yet is. [9] And here is the mind which hath wisdom. The seven heads are seven mountains, on which the woman sitteth. [10] And there are seven kings: five are fallen, and one is, and the other is not yet come; and when he cometh, he must continue a short space. [11] And the beast that was, and is not, even he is the eighth, and is of the seven, and goeth into perdition."

   John identifies here the seven mountains of Rome (17:9) on which the great harlot sets. Notice the woman is drunk with the blood of the saints and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus. He also speaks of seven emperors! He says five are fallen, one is, and another is yet to come. That one will continue for a short space and will be followed by the eighth. Since the “eighth” is of the seven he too belongs with the Emperors of Rome! Whatever one makes of  was, and is not, and yet is” John puts this “man” with the Emperors of Rome. The context of the book gives emphasis to their being persecuted by certain emperors. There is a sort of “time” table or element here when we look closely. As I strive to understand this to a better degree I often begin with Julius Caesar (49BC, appointed dictator), then Augustus (31BC to AD 14, the empire formally began Jan. 16, 27BC), Tiberius (AD 12 to 37), Caligula (AD 37 to 41), and Claudius (AD 41-54). There you have five. John says, "five are fallen." Then Nero (AD 54 to 68) followed Claudius. Look at verse 10-11 above again with this “kind” of chronology in mind! After Claudius there was Galba (AD 68-69), Otho (AD 69), Vitellius (AD 69), Vespasian (AD 69-79), Titus (Ad 79-81), and then Domitian (AD 81-96). Notice how many there were in such a short period of time.

   The ten horns (Rev. 17:12) are ten kings who, being kings, will receive authority "with the beast." One explanation is this describes client kings who give provincial support to the emperor. Rev. 17:13 tells us that they give their power and authority to the beast. And as we noted throughout, Rev. 17:14 says “These shall make war with the Lamb, and the Lamb shall overcome them: for he is Lord of lords, and King of kings: and they that are with him are called, and chosen, and faithful.” In Rev. 17:15 the “waters” represent all the peoples and nations over which Rome rules. John says in Rev. 17:16-17 that the “ten horns” actually come in time "to hate the harlot, make her desolate and naked, eat her flesh, and burn her with fire.” I believe it possible that he shows the fulfillment of the internal decay of the Roman Empire as foretold centuries before by Daniel, in Daniel 2:41-43. Daniel spoke of the weakness of the Roman Empire as he described "the legs of iron, and feet partly of iron and partly of clay" in the great image Nebuchadnezzar saw:  “And whereas thou sawest the feet and toes, part of potters' clay, and part of iron, the kingdom shall be divided; but there shall be in it of the strength of the iron, forasmuch as thou sawest the iron mixed with miry clay. [42] And as the toes of the feet were part of iron, and part of clay, so the kingdom shall be partly strong, and partly broken. [43] And whereas thou sawest iron mixed with miry clay, they shall mingle themselves with the seed of men: but they shall not cleave one to another, even as iron is not mixed with clay. [44] And in the days of these kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom, which shall never be destroyed: and the kingdom shall not be left to other people, but it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand for ever.” (Dan. 2:41-44)

The Kingdom of Christ was Established during the days of the Roman Kings

   The kingdom of Christ did come during the “days of these kings” (Dn. 2:44), i.e. the kings of the Roman Empire just as Daniel foretold. Luke 3:1 pinpoints the time when John the Baptizer, the forerunner of the Messiah, came preaching, "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand!" The word "at hand" means near. When John came preaching the kingdom of Christ was near! Notice the mention of the emperor Tiberius Caesar in Luke 3:1-4,  "Now in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, Pontius Pilate being governor of Judaea, and Herod being tetrarch of Galilee, and his brother Philip tetrarch of Ituraea and of the region of Trachonitis, and Lysanias the tetrarch of Abilene, [2] Annas and Caiaphas being the high priests, the word of God came unto John the son of Zacharias in the wilderness. [3] And he came into all the country about Jordan, preaching the baptism of repentance for the remission of sins; [4] As it is written in the book of the words of Esaias the prophet, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight." Jesus also taught that there would be some who listened to His message who would not die till they saw the kingdom come with power. (Mark 9:1) At the time of Jesus' burial Joseph of Aramathea (who took courage and asked for the body of Jesus) was a prominent council member among the Jews who was "waiting for the kingdom of God" (Mk. 15:34).

  After Jesus ascended into Heaven, when the day of Pentecost came as recorded in Acts chapter 2, the message of the Apostles was that Jesus, the Messiah, whom they had crucified had been raised up to set on His throne! (read Acts 2: 4, 29-36) On that day Jews from over the empire assembled and heard the Gospel preached (Acts 2: 5-11). Luke tells us when they heard this message, Acts 2:37-40, "…they were pricked in their heart, and said unto Peter and to the rest of the apostles, Men and brethren, what shall we do?" In answer to the question as to what they should do to be saved Peter said unto them, Acts 2:38, "… Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost. [39] For the promise is unto you, and to your children, and to all that are afar off, even as many as the Lord our God shall call. [40] And with many other words did he testify and exhort, saying, Save yourselves from this untoward generation." 

   The simple message of the Bible is hear, believe and obey. Prior to His ascension into Heaven Jesus had given his apostles the commission to go into all the world and preach the gospel to whole creation (both Jew and Gentile). Before He ascended up He said to them, Mark 16:15-16, "… Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature. [16] He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved; but he that believeth not shall be damned." The proper response to hearing the Gospel of Christ preached is recorded in Acts 2:41-42, "Then they that gladly received his word were baptized: and the same day there were added unto them about three thousand souls. [42] And they continued stedfastly in the apostles' doctrine and fellowship, and in breaking of bread, and in prayers." Those thus added by the Lord constituted His church (Acts 2:47, 4:4, 5:11, 14). From that day forward those who believed, repented and were baptized for the remission of their sins were translated from the power of darkness and into the kingdom of God's dear Son. Paul wrote, "Giving thanks unto the Father, which hath made us meet to be partakers of the inheritance of the saints in light: [13] Who hath delivered us from the power of darkness, and hath translated us into the kingdom of his dear Son:” (Col. 1:12-13) Notice that Christians were in the kingdom in the first century!

   Dear reader, we, the Valley church of Christ, invite you to continue to study with us in order that you might learn more about Christ and His church. Just as those who cried out "what shall we do?" (See Acts 2:37 above) had to hear and learn what they must do (see Acts 2:38, 41-42), so today people must hear, believe and obey the Gospel in order to be saved (Mark 16:15-16; Acts 2:38; Acts 18:8; 22:16; Col. 2:11-12).  If you are interested in reading about a free Bible Correspondence Course then please go to free Bible Correspondence Course .

 

 

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